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The Azzam Pasha quotation refers to a statement supposedly made by Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam, the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1945 to 1952, in which he declared in 1947 that, were a war to take place with the proposed establishment of a Jewish state, it would lead to "a war of extermination and momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacre and the Crusades."〔 The quote was universally cited for decades as having been uttered on the eve of the outbreak of hostilities between Israel and the Arab states several months later. The source of the quote was traced by the Computer Scientist Brendan McKay to an October 11, 1947 article in the Egyptian newspaper ''Akhbar al-Yom'', titled "A War of Extermination", which included the quote, with the added words "Personally, I hope the Jews do not force us into this war, because it would be a war of extermination and momentous massacre ...".〔〔 The historian Efraim Karsh considers this quote a "Genocidal threat".〔 The Israeli historian Tom Segev has disputed Karsh's interpretation, saying that "Azzam used to talk a lot" and pointing to another statement from May 21, 1948, in which Azzam Pasha declared his desire for "equal citizenship for Jews in Arab Palestine".〔 == The quotation in historical context == The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine was set up in May 1947 to develop proposals for the partition of Palestine. Recommendations to this effect were made in September of that year. The majority plan proposed a distinct two-state solution, the minority plan foresaw a federal state. The Arab countries were unanimous in their negative reactions to both plans, and openly spoke of taking up arms were either of these proposals enacted.〔Ronald J. Berger,''The Holocaust, Religion, and the Politics of Collective Memory: Beyond Sociology,'' Transaction Publishers, 2012 p. 176.〕〔Henry Laurens, ''La Question de Palestine,'' Fayard, Paris 2002, vol.2 p.593.〕 For Ernest Bevin, the British Foreign Secretary, the majority plan would only lead to an outbreak of generalised violence, as clearly unjust to the Arabs, whilst the minority plan was inapplicable since it assumed a prior accord between Jews and Arabs.〔Henry Laurens, ''La Question de Palestine,'' p.594〕 On September 15,〔Howard Morley Sachar,''Europe leaves the Middle East, 1936–1954'', Knopf, 1972 p.494, gives October the 14th. This date however is not that given by Abba Eban himself. See A. S. Eban, 'Note of Conversation with Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha,' London, Sept. 15, 1947,' in Neil Caplan, ''Futile Diplomacy,'' Frank Cass, 1986, Vol. 2, pp. 274–76; Laurens, ''Question de Palestine'', vol. 2 p. 680 n. 103 for additional bibliography. 〕 Azzam Pasha, who was held in high esteem by David Ben-Gurion,〔 met a Zionist delegation in London, consisting of Abba Eban, David Horowitz, both liaison officers with the Jewish Agency who were accompanied by the journalist Jon Kimche.〔 The emissaries stated that there was no doubt that a Jewish state would be established and requested that the Arab states accept the consequences and cooperate. They were willing to give cast-iron guarantees against any form of Jewish expansionism.〔Howard Morley Sachar, ''A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time'', Knopf, May 15, 2007 pp. 285, 333.〕 Azzam Pasha, in his capacity as Secretary General of the Arab League, suggested that the Zionist project be abandoned, and that the Jews could integrate themselves into Arab society on the basis of autonomous entities. He argued that it was pointless to appeal to political realism when the whole Zionist project demonstrated the efficacy of will-power. There was no option but war. The Zionists, he argued, would be thrown out in the future, just as the Crusaders had been. His Zionist interlocutors read this statement as a fascist declaration, unable, according to Henry Laurens, to see that, as with the Jews of Europe, emancipation from enslavement for the Arabs was seen as requiring recourse to force.〔Laurens, ''La Question,'' p. 593.〕〔 In Horowitz's account, Azzam declared, "We shall try to defeat you. I am not sure we'll succeed, but we'll try. We were able to drive out the Crusaders, but on the other hand we lost Spain and Persia. It may be that we shall lose Palestine. But it's too late to talk of peaceful solutions."〔 On being informed of the content of Azzam's declaration, Ben-Gurion, who considered Azzam the "most honest and humane among Arab leaders", and who had earlier, on June 18 1947, ordered the Haganah to prepare for a war he himself thought inevitable, synthesized Azzam's position in the following words: "As we fought against the Crusaders, we will fight against you, and we will erase you from the earth."〔〔Joseph Heller, ''The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and His Critics'', University Press of Florida, 2000 p.79〕 At the pan-Arab summit of the 19th September 1947, which convened at Saoufar in Lebanon, the League decided to employ all available means to ensure the independence of Palestine as an Arab state. On October 11, the editor ''of Akhbar al-Yom'', Mustafa Amin, ran an interview he had obtained from Azzam Pasha to report on the outcome of the summit. The article was entitled, "A War of Extermination," (Arabic transliteration required), and in one passage contained the following words.〔 In early December 1947 Azzam told a rally of students in Cairo that "The Arabs conquered the Tartars and the Crusaders and they are now ready to defeat the new enemy," echoing sentiments he had expressed to a journalist the previous day.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Azzam Pasha quotation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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